MASS: Multiplayer World Models with Authoritative Shared State

Key points

It explicitly represents the world shared by multiple users as structured entity records, including coordinates, orientation, and whether an entity is alive, maintaining a single authoritative state.
It separates the Logic Engine, which updates state, from the Rendering Engine, which produces camera images, decoupling world-transition cost from the number of requested views.
In a matched Snake evaluation, it achieved state-reconstruction accuracy of 0.764, above the video-based baseline's 0.128, and progressed 1024 players for up to 10,000 steps while preserving structural validity.
It applied the same structure to multiple games through declarative schemas and also demonstrated clients predicting the shared state during network delays.
Current evidence is primarily limited to simple two-dimensional games and restricted entity interactions, and the authors left three-dimensional environments and more complex interactions as future work.

External research summaries. These are not HDATF publications or measured product results.